Video Which command can you use in linux to give the current logged on user temporary root permissions? ?

Which would then prompt you for the root password and then run the command.  You can configure sudo to allow access to files by using the root password, the user's own password, or with no password.

Configuring who's password to use

Here is how to configure each:

1.  For non-root user access by entering the root password:

You need to do nothing, this is the default.

2.  For non-root user access by entering their own password:

REM out the "Defaults targetpw" line, and the "ALL  ALL=(ALL) ALL" line in the /etc/sudoers file. (NOTE that if you rem out the "Defaults targetpw" line and not the other, all users will have all root level access to utilities by simply putting in their own password).
 

Here is what it looks like in the /etc/sudoers file:

# In the default (unconfigured) configuration, sudo asks for the root password. # This allows use of an ordinary user account for administration of a freshly # installed system. When configuring sudo, delete the two # following lines: # Defaults targetpw   # ask for the password of the target user i.e. root # ALL     ALL=(ALL) ALL   # WARNING! Only use this together with 'Defaults targetpw'!

Notice that the two lines have been commented in this listing.  By commenting these lines, all users given permissions to utilities will now be asked for their own password, not the root password (giving permissions to utilities will be discussed in a minute).

3.  For non-root user access by entering no password:

Edit the /etc/sudoers file to include the following:
 

# User privilege specification root        ALL=(ALL) ALL     ALL=NOPASSWD:

The commands above will allow the user named to run root-level utilities without using a password.

Setting up permissions for non-root users

Now that you know how to change what password to use (or not to use), let's move on to permissions.

In the "

User privilege specification" section, you can set privileges the user or group levels.  Here is what it looks like by default:

# User privilege specification root    ALL=(ALL) ALL # Uncomment to allow people in group wheel to run all commands # %wheel        ALL=(ALL) ALL # Same thing without a password # %wheel        ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL # Samples # %users  ALL=/sbin/mount /cdrom,/sbin/umount /cdrom # %users  localhost=/sbin/shutdown -h now

To give privileges to users, add users to the area under the "User privilege specification".  As an example, to give a user named Joe privileges to run chown, you would add the following entry:

# User privilege specification root    ALL=(ALL) ALL Joe    ALL=PASSWD:    /bin/chown

Using this syntax, all options for chown will be available to Joe.  If you want to limit what parameters can be used by Joe, list them in the entry like this:

# User privilege specification root    ALL=(ALL) ALL Joe    ALL=PASSWD:   /bin/chown -R, /bin/chown -V, /bin/chown -R-V

Notice that there are three separate entries.  One that allows -R, one for -V, and one for -R-V.  sudo allows will only allow multiple parameters if you add them specifically (and only in the order that you specify), thus the -R-V in addition to the individual parameter listings.

You can also allow some commands to be used with no password while others require a password.  Here is an example:

Joe    ALL=NOPASSWD: /bin/chown -R, PASSWD: /bin/chown -V, /bin/chown -R-V
 

With the above configuration, the /bin/chown -R command will not require a password, /bin/chown -V and /bin/chown -R-V will require a password to run, but they will be allowed.

The same thing can be done for user groups, you just need to put it in the following syntax:

# Uncomment to allow people in group wheel to run all commands # %wheel        ALL=(ALL) ALL # Same thing without a password # %wheel        ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL # Samples # %users  ALL=/sbin/mount /cdrom,/sbin/umount /cdrom # %users  localhost=/sbin/shutdown -h now

You just need to specify the group name with a % in front of it.  The same syntax for users applies to groups.

With resent sudo versions the /etc/sudoers include the following syntax:

With above syntax, new configuration could be added without updating /etc/sudoers. For full information, kindly check the manual pages: man sudoers 

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